energy vocabulary list

The oxygenate is a prime ingredient in reformulated gasoline. Absolute Zero of Temperature - temperature at which a gas would exert no pressure. SOLAR RADIATION -- Electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. REGISTRATION STOP (OR VLT STOP) -- A hold placed on a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine to prevent registration or title being issued. This type of meter is used for customers who pay time-of-use rates. NON-INDUSTRIAL SOURCE -- Any of a large number of sources -- such as mobile, area-wide, indirect and natural sources -- which emit substances into the atmosphere. The AQI incorporates an additional index category -- unhealthy for sensitive groups -- that ranges from 101 to 150. Its efficiency is measured by cetane number. FLEXIBLE FUEL VEHICLE (FFV) -- a vehicle that can operate on either alcohol fuels (methanol or ethanol) or regular unleaded gasoline or any combination of the two from the same tank. CUMMINS WESTPORT INC. (CWI) -- A company that designs, engineers, and markets 6 to 12-liter spark-ignited automotive natural gas engines for commercial transportation applications such as truck and buses. PROVIDER OF LAST RESORT -- A legal obligation(traditionally given to utilities) to provide service to a customer where competitors have decided they do not want that customer's business. CAFE requirements were instituted by the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (89 Statute. POINT SOURCES -- Specific points of origin where pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere such as factory smokestacks. Most commonly associated with spinning-off generation assets so they are no longer owned by the shareholders that own the transmission and distribution assets. The quantity of heat includes both latent and sensible. HERTZ -- A unit of electromagnetic wave frequency that is equal to one cycle per second. The amount of force it takes to accelerate one kilogram at one meter per second per second. VARIANCE -- Permission granted for a limited time (under stated conditions) for a person or company to operate outside the limits prescribed in a regulation. NUCLEAR ENERGY -- Power obtained by splitting heavy atoms (fission) or joining light atoms (fusion). AMPERE (Amp) -- The unit of measure that tells how much electricity flows through a conductor. WATER BASE -- Water used as the solvent for coatings such paint. The kWh is a unit of energy. STUDY. WET-BULB TEMPERATURE -- The temperature at which water, by evaporating into air, can bring the air to saturation at the same temperature. The investor-owned utility is regulated by the California Public Utilities Commission. Federal law establishes broad guidelines for determining how much a qualifying facility (QF) gets paid for power sold to the utility. This area of 10,743 square miles is home to over 16.8 million people–about half the population of the whole state of California. BIOFUEL -- Fuel produced from renewable biomass material, commonly used as an alternative, cleaner fuel source. (The PX is a marketplace. In 1989, a typical California household consumes 534 kWh in an average month. The RfC is derived from a no or lowest observed adverse effect level from human or animal exposures, to which uncertainty or "safety" factors are applied. CONDUCTIVITY (k) - The quantity of heat that will flow through one square foot of homogeneous material, one inch thick, in one hour, when there is a temperature difference of one degree Fahrenheit between its surfaces. BANKING -- A provision in air district permit regulations that allows a facility to accumulate credits for reducing emissions beyond regulatory limits (emission reduction credits) and then use or sell those credits at a later date. INCINERATION -- The act of burning a material to ashes. SUBSTITUTION – The amount of diesel fuel that is replaced by natural gas when operating in dual-fuel mode. AUXILIARY ENERGY SUBSYSTEM -- Equipment using conventional fuel to supplement the energy output of a solar system. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE -- An engine in which fuel is burned inside the engine. Created under the Energy Policy Act of 2005, and revised by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, the RFS program requires increasing annual volumes of renewable fuel, starting from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2022. ONBOARD VAPOR RECOVERY -- Devices placed on vehicles to capture gasoline vapor during refueling and then route the vapors to the engine when the vehicle is started so that they can be efficiently burned. Energy makes motion and change possible. DIRECT SOLAR GAIN - Solar energy collected from the sun (as heat) in a building through windows, walls, skylights, etc. SPECIAL CONTRACTS -- Any contract that provides a utility service under terms and conditions other than those listed in the utility's tariffs. ON-ROAD, ON-ROAD VEHICLE -- Vehicles that are intended by their manufacturer for use on public highways. Found inside – Page 71( PB 265 261 ) Energy Micro thesaurus -- A Hierarchical List of Indexing Terms Used by NTIS , July , 1976. ... contains 1800 terms , the Energy Microthesaurus 900 terms , and the Integrated Energy Vocabulary 30,000 terms . Portfolio management can also be defined as the aggregation and management of a diverse portfolio of supply (and demand-reduction) resources which will act as a hedge against various risks that may affect specific resources (i.e., fuel price fluctuations and certainty of supply, common mode failures, operational reliability, changes in environmental regulations, and the risk of health, safety, and environmental damages that may occur as a result of operating some supply resources). Write. It has less energy content than pipeline-quality gas. POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION (PCV) -- An emission control system for a reciprocating internal combustion engine that involves recirculating gases that blow by the piston rings during combustion from the crankcase back into the intake manifold so they can be more completely burned. As of January 1, 2004, the surcharge is set at of three-tenths of one mil ($0.0003) per kilowatt-hour. Haze is caused in large part by man-made air pollutants. DIRECTLY CONDITIONED SPACE -- See conditioned space, directly. Some Christmas tree lights use one watt. Expand All Collapse All. DEREGULATION - The elimination of regulation from a previously regulated industry or sector of an industry. Select a letter to view a list of energy-related terms. MAIN PROPULSION SUBSYSTEM (MPS) -- A TransPower’s system that converts electrical power from the battery subsystem into mechanical power to drive the vehicle’s wheels. The plan is reviewed and updated at least every five years, with the last plan being adopted in 1993. Compliance with these standards is indicated by separate safety and emissions labels on the vehicle. HEAT GAIN -- an increase in the amount of heat contained in a space, resulting from direct solar radiation, heat flow through walls, windows, and other building surfaces, and the heat given off by people, lights, equipment, and other sources. WATER (H2O) -- A colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen. For example, a unit risk value of 5.5x10-6 would indicate an estimated 5.5 cancer cases per million people exposed to an average concentration of 1 µ/m3 of a specific carcinogen for 70 years. These include butane, butylene, ethane, ethylene, propane and propylene. RESISTANCE (ELECTRICAL) -- The ability of all conductors of electricity to resist the flow of current, turning some of it into heat. HFCs are emitted as by-products of industrial processes and are also used in manufacturing. affect. CALIFORNIA PHASE 3 REFORMULATED GASOLINE (CARFG PHASE 3 OR CARFG3) -- Gasoline sold, intended for sale, or made available for sale as a motor vehicle fuel in California subject to the California Phase 3 reformulated gasoline standards. Synchrophasors enable a better indication of grid stress and can be used to trigger corrective actions to maintain reliability. WHOLE HOUSE FAN -- A system capable of cooling a house by exhausting a large volume of warm air when the outside air is cool. COH readings of 20 or more can occur in urban areas. MPG -- Miles per gallon (a measurement of a vehicle's rate of fuel consumption). [See ASHRAE Table 1, ASHRAE Handbook, 1985 Fundamentals]. The target is to have a reserve of 750 million barrels of oil. CONDUCTION - The transfer of heat energy through a material (solid, liquid or gas) by the motion of adjacent atoms and molecules without gross displacement of the particles. a subregional RTG within WRTA, and awaiting FERC approval. All vehicles manufactured after January 1, 2009, must display this score on the Environmental Performance Label. SOLAR HEAT GAIN -- Heat added to a space due to transmitted and absorbed solar energy. It includes consideration of magnitude of risk, available control technologies and economic feasibility. AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN (AQMP) -- A plan prepared by an APCD/AQMD, for a county or region designated as a non-attainment area, for the purpose of bringing the area into compliance with the requirements of the national and/or California ambient air quality standards. Annual peaks occur on hot summer days. It was sold in California beginning in 1996 with the oxygenate additive MTBE. Fill the gap in each sentence with one word or expression from the box. AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT (AQMD) -- A group of counties or portions of counties, or an individual county specified in law with authority to regulate stationary, indirect and area sources of air pollution within the region and governed by a regional air pollution control board comprised mostly of elected officials from within the region. Each list contains the most common vocabulary terms used in the presentation of each particular science concept. Medium (plural: media): any matter that waves travel through. The Disco can also perform other services such as aggregating customers, purchasing power supply and transmission services for customers, billing customers and reimbursing suppliers, and offering other regulated or non-regulated energy services to retail customers. PEAKING UNIT -- A power generator used by a utility to produce extra electricity during peak load times. Adequacy is the ability of the electric system to supply the aggregate electrical demand and energy requirements of the customers at all times, taking into account scheduled and unscheduled outages of system facilities. The British nuclear plants are an example of stranded assets which no one would buy. PBR sets rates, or components of rates,for a period of time based on external indices rather than a utility's cost-of-service. INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC) -- A scientific intergovernmental body set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide the decision-makers and others interested in climate change with an objective source of information about climate change. "Distribution utility" refers to the regulated owner/operator of the distribution system which serves retail customers. BIENNIAL REPORT - The report formerly issued by the California Energy Commission to the Governor and the Legislature every odd-numbered year assessing California's energy industry. GEOFENCE CONTROL MODULE (GCM) -- a program which uses a virtual geographic boundary, defined by GPS or RFID technology (geofence), to enable software to trigger a response when a mobile device enters or leaves a particular area. Carbon dioxide equivalents are commonly expressed as "million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MMTCDE)" or "million short tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MSTCDE)" The carbon dioxide equivalent for a gas is derived by multiplying the tons of the gas by the associated GWP. The higher the index, the higher the level of pollutants and the greater the likelihood of health effects. If such a superconductor can be found, electrical transmission lines with no little or no resistance may be built, thus conserving energy usually lost in transmission. Dependable capacity is determined by such factors as capability, operating power factor and portion of the load the station is to supply. REASONABLY AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (RACT) -- Control techniques defined in U.S. EPA guidelines for limiting emissions from existing sources in nonattainment areas. A voluntary organization of transmission owners,users, and other entities interested in coordinating transmission planning, expansion, operation,and use on a regional and inter-regional basis. Absolute Zero of Temperature - temperature at which a gas would exert no pressure. AFFORESTATION -- The planting of new forests on lands where the preceding vegetation or land did not contain forests. GREEN-HOUSE-GAS-REDUCED COAL-AND-BIOMASS-TO-LIQUID-BASED JET FUEL (GHGR-CBTL) – Jet fuels manufactured by processing coal into liquid fuels like gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, with biomass to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. NITRIC OXIDE (NO) -- A Precursor of ozone, NO2 and nitrate; nitric oxide is usually emitted from combustion processes. [See California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Section 2-5302]. BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE (BEV) -- Also known as an “All-electric” vehicle (AEV), BEVs utilize energy that is stored in rechargeable battery packs. PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL -- A semiconductor that converts light directly into electricity. A vocabulary list (word bank) of words about energy! THERMODYNAMICS -- A study of the transformation of energy into other manifested forms and of their practical applications. A calorie is the unit of heat equal to 4.184 joules. a Quizlet for recycling and reviewing each topic. Materials can be heated by combustion of fuel gases (similar to welding) or by using electricity. Write. PURPA -- The Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA) is implemented by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). In the electric industry, it refers to the historically common arrangement whereby a utility would own its own generating plants, transmission system, and distribution lines to provide all aspects of electric service. There is a good chance you'll need vocabulary for increasing and decreasing on the IELTS exam. Subject. Aerosol sprays are the worst cause of pollution in the home. SENSIBLE HEAT -- Heat that results in a temperature change. THERMOSTAT, SETBACK -- A device, containing a clock mechanism, which can automatically change the inside temperature maintained by the HVAC system according to a preset schedule. OLEFIN -- A class of unsaturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n. There are five boards, departments and offices under the organization of Cal/EPA including the California Air Resources Board (ARB), State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and its nine Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCB), Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR), Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). An amount of energy equal to 170 million barrels of oil. RTG -- A Regional Transmission Group. ELCON - Electricity Consumers Resources Council. ATOMIC NUCLEUS -- The positively charged core of an atom. For example, an experimental process uses algae to convert solar energy into gas that could be used for fuel. DIESEL GALLON-EQUIVALENT (DGE) -- is the amount of alternative fuel it takes to equal the energy content of one liquid gallon of diesel gasoline. COP (COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE) - - Used to rate the performance of a heat pump, the COP is the ratio of the rate of useful heat output delivered by the complete heat pump unit (exclusive of supplementary heating) to the corresponding rate of energy input, in consistent units and under specific conditions. Also called CRUDE. SKILL BUILDER Vocabulary Preview Define each vocabulary term in your own words. INFILTRATION -- The uncontrolled inward leakage of air through cracks and gaps in the building envelope, especially around windows, doors and duct systems. CRUDE OIL - Petroleum as found in the earth, before it is refined into oil products. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION the process of refining crude oil into various oil products. It takes one barrel of oil to make enough gasoline to drive an average car from Los Angeles to San Francisco and back (at 18 miles per gallon over the 700-mile round trip). This schedule indicates the levels of generation and demand scheduled for each settlement period of that trading day. ULTRA LOW EMISSIONS VEHICLE (ULEV) -- A vehicle that meets the ARB's ultra-low emission standards of 0.125 grams per mile of NMOG + NOx. ADJUSTMENT BID -- A bid that is used by the ISO to adjust supply or demand when congestion is anticipated. These transfers may also take place directly between the buyer and seller, without involvement of the PX.) Fossil fuels were at one time biomass and continue to store the carbon until burned. STRATOSPHERE -- The layer of the Earth's atmosphere above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. POLLUTANT STANDARDS INDEX (PSI) -- A numerical index formerly used for reporting severity of air pollution levels to the general public. The term also is used to mean an apparatus that changes the quantity or quality of electrical energy. OCTANE NUMBER -- A numerical measure of the antiknock properties of gasoline used as a motor fuel. The first stage, which incorporates the feedstock or fuel production and processing and fuel delivery or energy transmission, and is called the "upstream" stage, while the stage that deals with vehicle operation itself is sometimes called the "downstream" stage. That power is bid into Poolco at some low /kWh value (to ensure it is always taken). ch 5 Energy Vocab Cards. BIOMASS - Energy resources derived from organic matter. COMBINED HYDRONIC SPACE/WATER HEATING - a system in which both space heating and domestic water heating are provided by the same water heater(s). AIR POLLUTION -- Unwanted particles, mist or gases put into the atmosphere as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, the operation of industrial facilities or other human activity. Opacity is used as an indicator of changes in performance of particulate control systems. ELEVATION - 1) The height above sea level (altitude); 2) A geometrical projection, such as a building, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon. A cap and trade program first sets an aggressive cap, or maximum limit, on emissions. Required to meet the reliability criteria for interconnected systems operation. It is governed by a 24-member Board of Directors composed of locally elected officials from each of the nine Bay Area counties, with the number of board members from each county being proportionate to its population. Modern steam Rankine systems operate at a cycle top temperature of about 1,073 degrees Celsius with efficiencies of about 40 percent. (See "Sustained Orderly Development."). REFORMULATED GASOLINE (RFG) -- A cleaner-burning gasoline that has had its compositions and/or characteristics altered to reduce vehicular emissions of pollutants. AIRBORNE TOXIC CONTROL MEASURE (ATCM) -- A control measure adopted by the ARB (Health and Safety Code Section 39666 et seq. Select a letter to view a list of energy-related terms. Leaded gasoline is no longer sold in the United States. PROPELLANT -- A gas with a high vapor pressure used to force formulations out of aerosol spray cans. It also included operating and maintenance, tax, and fuel expenses. [See California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Section 2-5302]. Students explore the different roles engineers who work in renewable energy fields have in creating a sustainable environment - an environment that contributes to greater health . The calculation procedure uses measured data collected at the site during a three-year period. Also sometimes referred to as Non-Methane Organic Gases (NMOGs). 'Goods movement' relies on a series of transportation, financial and information systems for this to occur, that involves an international, national, state, regional and local networks of producers and suppliers, carriers and representative agents from the private sector, the public sector (federal, state, regional and local governmental agencies) and the general public. CATALYTIC CONVERTER -- A motor vehicle pollution control device designed to reduce emissions such as oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. CALIFORNIA REFORMULATED GASOLINE BLENDSTOCK FOR OXYGENATE BLENDING (CARBOB) -- A petroleum-derived liquid that is intended to be a product that will become California reformulated gasoline upon the addition of an oxygenate, such as ethanol. DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM) The methods used to manage energy demand including energy efficiency, load management, fuel substitution and load building. GIGAWATT-HOUR (GWH) -- One million kilowatt-hours of electric power. STORAGE TYPE WATER HEATER -- A water heater that heats and stores water at a thermostatically controlled temperature for delivery on demand. Gasoline vapor is a volatile organic compound. ELECTRIC RESISTANCE HEATER - A device that produces heat through electric resistance. POWER POOL -- Two or more interconnected utilities that plan and operate to supply electricity in the most reliable, economical way to meet their combined load. NASUCA -- The National Association of Utility Consumer Advocates. ANIMAL WASTE CONVERSION -- Process of obtaining energy from animal wastes. MAGMA - The molten rock and elements that lie below the earth's crust. REASONABLY AVAILABLE CONTROL MEASURES (RACM) -- A broadly defined term referring to technologies and other measures that can be used to control pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ADVISORY COMMITTEE (EJAC) -- AB 32 directed ARB to convene an Environmental Justice Advisory Committee to advise ARB on the implementation of AB 32. (b) Where useful thermal energy follows power production, the useful annual power output plus one-half the useful annual thermal energy output equals not less than 42.5 percent of any natural gas and oil energy input. This encompasses the watercraft typically referred to as Jet Skis, Waverunners, etc. HOME ENERGY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (HEAP) -- A centrally operated direct payment program that assists eligible households in offsetting the cost of heating and cooling their homes. kilowatt (kW) — A standard unit of electrical power equal to 1000 watts, or to the energy consumption at a rate of 1000 joules per second. Found inside – Page 265The final list of selected databases should be examined for best subject coverage of the request topic according to the ... In addition , there is an Integrated Energy Vocabulary which compiles energy terms from ten different database ... A 128 Kbps(kilobytes per second) digital telephone service available in many parts of the country though not universally available that may be able to substitute for fiber optic cable in every respect except possibly television transmission. All vehicles manufactured after January 1, 2009, must display this score on the Environmental Performance Label. WTW analysis is useful for reflecting the different efficiencies and emissions of energy technologies and fuels at both the upstream and downstream stages, giving a more complete picture of real emissions. ASTM publishes standard test methods, specifications, practices, guides, classifications and terminology. Among the most important were the incandescent electric light bulb (1879), the phonograph (1877) and the movie projector (1893). DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES - Small-scale power generation technologies (typically in the range of 3 to 10,000 kilowatts) located close to where electricity is used (for example, a home or business) to provide an alternative to or an enhancement of the traditional electric power system. Natural monopolies occur in industries which exhibit decreasing average long-run costs due to size (economies of scale). An area may be an attainment area for one pollutant and a nonattainment area for others. INNOVATIVE CLEAN AIR TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM (ICAT) -- ICAT is an ARB program that co-funds the demonstration of innovative technologies that can reduce air pollution. [See California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Section 2-5302], CONDITIONED SPACE - Enclosed space that is either directly conditioned space or indirectly conditioned space. POOLCO -- Poolco refers to a specialized, centrally dispatched spot market power pool that functions as a short-term market. The angle of incidence determines the percentage of direct sunshine intercepted by a surface. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE INSPECTION (PMI) -- A routine inspection for the equipment to make it from one planned service to the next planned service without any failures caused by fatigue, neglect, or normal wear (preventable items). COOLING DEGREE DAY - A unit of measure that indicates how heavy the air conditioning needs are under certain weather conditions. They do not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, but they are greenhouse gases. The term usually is understood to include cogeneration facilities. SERVICE AREA -- any contiguous geographic area serviced by the same electric utility. DUCT - A passageway made of sheet metal or other suitable material used for conveying air or other gas at relatively low pressures. CAAQSs are the standards which must be met per the requirements of the California Clean Air Act (CCAA). Uranium-235, plutonium-239 and uranium-233 are fissionable materials. a relative position or degree of value in a graded group. OVERHEAD CONTACT LINE (OCL/OCS) -- an overhead line or overhead wire is used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains. Water is the only byproduct of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen and is produced during the burning of any hydrocarbon. Also called NO. Offsets must meet rigorous criteria that demonstrate that the emissions reductions are real, permanent, verifiable, enforceable and quantifiable. Recognize that energy is the ability to cause motion or create change. WRTA -- The Western Regional Transmission Association, an RTG. VAPOR -- The gaseous phase of liquids or solids at atmospheric temperature and pressure. Bodies can & # x27 ; s Dictionaries and use the information the... Systems have no moving parts and usually produce direct current through it contains... Is equal to 1000 kilograms learn the meaning of the same direction capabilities of a utility and! Or natural resources ( i.e of coffee particles of matter be dropped from the burning of any substance as. Peak times, the higher the level at which a growing and stable market is identified U.S.. Indicates how heavy the air. `` to or from individual pollution that! Facility that separates crude oil -- power obtained by splitting heavy atoms ( fission or! 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